World geography › Central Asia › Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan: map and facts

Turkmenistan is in Central Asia. It has about 7.62 million people (2025), the 103rd largest population. It covers 491,209 km², the 52nd largest by area. That is about 16 people per km². Its highest point is Ayrybaba, at 3,139 m. The longest river on its map is the Amu Darya, 2,620 km from source to mouth.

Facts

• Population: 7,618,847 (2025, World Bank)
• Area: 491,209 km² (2024, World Bank). This figure covers a different area from the one this map shows: as drawn, about 470,000 km².
• Capital: Ashgabat
• Highest point: Ayrybaba, 3,139 m (Wikidata)
• Forest: 5% of the land (2024, World Bank)

Rivers

The longest rivers on the map of Turkmenistan, with the length of each whole river (Wikidata):

• Amu Darya: 2,620 km
• Atrek: 669 km

Also on the map: Harirud.

Mountains and landscapes

Its highest peaks:

• Ayrybaba: 3,139 m (its highest point)
• Kuh-e Rizeh: 2,941 m
• Gora Arlan: 1,880 m

Mountain ranges: Kopet Dag Mountains.

Plateaus, plains, deserts and other regions: Turan Lowland and Karakum Desert.

Land

Land cover seen from satellites (NASA MODIS, 2024): bare ground 63.1%, open shrubland 20%, grassland 12.7%, farmland 2.6%, water 1.3%.

Landforms, worked out from the height of the land (USGS GMTED2010): plains 78.2%, hills 12.1%, plateaus 6.6%, mountains 3.1%.

Forests covered 5% of its land in 2024, the same as in 1995 (World Bank).

Neighbours

Turkmenistan shares land borders with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan on this map.

Explore the map of Turkmenistan

In the game you can zoom into its rivers, mountains, minerals, terrain and forests. Free, with no sign-up.

Sources

India’s boundaries are drawn according to India’s official position, simplified for small-scale maps (data: Natural Earth, India view). Each figure shows its year and source; some are rounded. Data release 2026.2.

• Natural Earth (naturalearthdata.com), public domain. Boundaries follow India's official position (Natural Earth's India point of view). Terms
• GMTED2010 courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (Danielson and Gesch 2011, USGS Open-File Report 2011-1073). Terms
• Friedl, M., Sulla-Menashe, D. (2022). MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. doi:10.5067/MODIS/MCD12Q1.061. Terms
• The World Bank: World Development Indicators, Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL): UN Population Division, national statistical offices (2025 data, retrieved 2026-10-17). CC BY 4.0. Rounded by Make Me Smarter. Terms
• The World Bank: World Development Indicators, Surface area (AG.SRF.TOTL.K2): FAO (2024 data, retrieved 2026-10-17). CC BY 4.0. Terms
• The World Bank: World Development Indicators, Forest area (% of land area) (AG.LND.FRST.ZS): FAO, FAOSTAT (2024 data, retrieved 2026-10-17). CC BY 4.0. Rounded by Make Me Smarter. Terms
• Wikidata (CC0): names, capitals, peak heights and river lengths, checked by Make Me Smarter. Terms
• Landforms worked out by Make Me Smarter from GMTED2010.

Report a map problem: muraskaramit@gmail.com

More: every country and territory, and the Map quiz.